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Generally, women expect that the birth of a child will be a blissful and joyous time, and most often it is. Meeting their new baby and bringing this new little life into their home is an exciting event. However, the period following child birth does not always conform to this happy and expected picture. In reality, feelings of sadness and periods of melancholy can affect a new mother, without warning.

Pinworms are described as tiny, white, thread-like worms that can live in the bowels. Children under the age of ten years old are extremely susceptible to these types of worms but they can affect adults. They are not harmful and easily treatable.

Bloating in the stomach can be a common occurrence – most of us will experience a bloated stomach at some stage of our lives. The feeling of ‘pressure’ and ‘fullness’ in the stomach, that can make it feel as though we are stretched to capacity or weighted down.

Intestinal worms & parasites live in the gastrointestinal tract. There are two main groups of intestinal worms – protozoa (organisms with one cell only) and helminths (worms with many cells). Protozoa multiplies in the human body. The most common protozoa include cryptosporidium, microsporidia and isospora that often affect HIV-infected persons. The most common helminths include tapeworm, hookworms, pinworms, roundworms, threadworms, whipworm and giardia.

While acid reflux is the backflow of caustic stomach acids into the esophagus, bile reflux occurs when bile flows upward from the small intestine into the stomach and esophagus. Bile is a greenish-yellow substance that plays an important role in helping us to digest foods, absorb fats and eliminate worn-out red blood cells and certain toxins from the body. Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder in a concentrated form, and even a modest amount of fat in a meal signals the gallbladder to release bile.

The appendix is a small, finger-like structure attached to the large intestine in the lower right side of the abdomen. Sometimes, this structure becomes blocked, causing swelling. The appendix can quickly then become the habitat of a bacterial infection. This inflammation and infection of the appendix is referred to as appendicitis, and it is considered a medical emergency.

Nightmares are scary dreams that awaken children and often make them afraid to go back to sleep. They usually occur during the REM (rapid eye movement) period which happens during the last third of sleep and so are most common in the very early hours of the morning. Although adults also experience nightmares, because young children are learning new information and absorbing new experiences at an exceptionally rapid rate, they are more prone to bad dreams and waking up during the night.

Colic is one of those conditions that affect babies - one that just doesn’t seem fair. Your baby is so very new to this big world and what an introduction to life! Medically speaking, colic is defined as crying for more than three hours a day, three days per week, for longer than three weeks in an otherwise happy and healthy baby.

Living and dealing with claustrophobia can be difficult and limiting, as the individual often has to avoid certain situations and places. Working on the 10th floor of a tall building means taking 10 flights of stairs each morning to avoid the elevator. Air travel may be impossible, and big parties might be avoided. The good news is that as with other phobias, claustrophobia is treatable.

Conjunctivitis, more commonly known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that covers the outermost layer of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. As with many of the more common eye inflammations, conjunctivitis usually looks and feels worse than it is, and while the pronounced redness can be quite alarming at first glance, conjunctivitis very rarely causes long-term visual damage.